What Is One Way Intensive Agriculture Can Contribute To Climate Change
Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers
The global impacts of food product
Nutrient is produced and candy by millions of farmers and intermediaries globally, with substantial associated environmental costs. Given the heterogeneity of producers, what is the best manner to reduce nutrient's environmental impacts? Poore and Nemecek consolidated data on the multiple environmental impacts of ∼38,000 farms producing 40 unlike agronomical goods effectually the world in a meta-analysis comparing diverse types of nutrient product systems. The environmental cost of producing the aforementioned goods can exist highly variable. Withal, this heterogeneity creates opportunities to target the small-scale numbers of producers that accept the near bear upon.
Science, this issue p. 987
Abstract
Nutrient's environmental impacts are created by millions of various producers. To identify solutions that are effective nether this heterogeneity, we consolidated data roofing five environmental indicators; 38,700 farms; and 1600 processors, packaging types, and retailers. Impact can vary 50-fold amongst producers of the aforementioned product, creating substantial mitigation opportunities. However, mitigation is complicated by trade-offs, multiple means for producers to achieve depression impacts, and interactions throughout the supply concatenation. Producers have limits on how far they can reduce impacts. Most strikingly, impacts of the lowest-impact animate being products typically exceed those of vegetable substitutes, providing new evidence for the importance of dietary change. Cumulatively, our findings support an arroyo where producers monitor their ain impacts, flexibly run across environmental targets past choosing from multiple practices, and communicate their impacts to consumers.
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Supplementary Material
Summary
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S14
Tables S1 to S17
References (41 – 151)
Data S1 and S2
Resources
File (aaq0216-poore-sm-revision1.pdf)
File (aaq0216-poore-sm.pdf)
File (aaq0216_datas1.xls)
File (aaq0216_datas2.xls)
References and Notes
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1 June 2018
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Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Regime Works.
Submission history
Received: 5 October 2017
Accepted: 17 April 2018
Published in print: 1 June 2018
Acknowledgments
We thank the many researchers who provided united states with boosted data, acknowledged in data S1. We are grateful to R. Grenyer, P. Smith, E. J. Milner-Gulland, C. Godfray, One thousand. Gaillard, L. de Baan, Y. Malhi, D. Thomas, K. Javanaud, and K. Afemikhe for comments on the manuscript and Tyana for illustrations. Funding: This work was unfunded. Author contributions: J.P. conducted the analysis and wrote the manuscript. J.P. and T.N. contributed to the study design and data interpretation and reviewed the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: A Microsoft Excel file allowing full replication of this analysis, containing all original and recalculated information, has been deposited in the Oxford Academy Research Archive (doi.org/x.5287/bodleian:0z9MYbMyZ).
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